The Effect of Fiber Waviness on the Residual Stress State and Its Prediction by the Hole Drilling Method in Fiber Metal Laminates: A Global-Local Finite Element Analysis

In this paper, fiber waviness, as one of the most frequently occurring defects in reinforced composites, is numerically investigated with regard to formation residual stresses metal laminates. Furthermore, prediction stress state thickness direction by means simulated hole drilling method studied. To regard, a global-local finite element analysis based on submodel technique presented. The essentially consists two governing steps: first step, global model utilized calculate and analyze distribution deformation intrinsically joined hybrid structure. Effective cure-dependent thermo–elastic properties predicted numerical homogenization procedure were used simulate curing-process state. However, dimension manufactured plate large compared diameter drilled (2 mm), so that local necessary, which provides only geometric partial portion model. takes into account subsequently incremental refined mesh discretization. production-related waviness modeled an element-wise orientation approximating sinus function. order validate modeling approach, comparison between results experimental data from literature (global model) (local assess applicability reliability case waviness. It found in-plane leads rather low variance over thickness. out-of-plane oscillating fields occur entire along direction. Moreover, current limits could be pointed out presented investigations. seen are sensitive even if amplitude-wavelength-ratio small. Without further adjustment calibration coefficients strain lead, particular direction, unreliable predictions. For application it can concluded specimens have carefully examined